Parking sensors operate using either ultrasonic or radar technology to detect obstacles around a vehicle. Ultrasonic sensors emit sound waves that bounce off nearby objects, returning to the sensor.

The system measures the time it takes for the sound waves to return and calculates the distance to the object. This information is then processed to provide the driver with alerts, usually in the form of beeping sounds that increase in frequency as the vehicle gets closer to the obstacle.

Radar-based parking sensors work on a similar principle but utilize electromagnetic waves instead of sound waves. These sensors can detect objects at greater distances and are less affected by environmental factors such as dirt or moisture. The radar technology provides a more accurate reading of the distance to obstacles, making it a popular choice in high-end vehicles.

Most parking sensor systems are integrated with the vehicle's onboard computer, allowing for seamless operation. When the vehicle is put into reverse or forward gear, the sensors automatically activate. The alerts are typically delivered through audible beeps and visual indicators on the dashboard or rearview mirror, ensuring drivers are aware of their surroundings without taking their eyes off the road.

In summary, parking sensors function by using sound or radar waves to detect obstacles around the vehicle. By providing real-time feedback to drivers, these systems enhance safety and make parking more manageable, ultimately contributing to a more enjoyable driving experience.